The Majestic Elephants of Odisha: A Thriving Population

Pic Credit: The Statesman

By Sujata Muguda, Shreyas WebMedia Solutions

6 June 2024: Odisha, a state known for its rich biodiversity and wildlife, has been a sanctuary for the Asian elephant, an integral part of the region’s ecological and cultural tapestry. The state’s commitment to conservation efforts has yielded positive results over the years, as evidenced by the steady growth in the elephant population.

According to the All-Odisha Elephant Census-2024, the elephant population in Odisha has seen a marginal increase, with the numbers rising from 1,976 in 2017 to 2,098 in 2024. This growth reflects a stable age distribution and a healthy growth rate of around 3%, a testament to the concerted efforts of wildlife authorities and conservationists.

The census report provides a detailed breakdown of the elephant demographics, including 313 adult tuskers, 13 adult makhanas (tuskless males), 748 adult females, 148 sub-adult males, 282 sub-adult females, 209 juveniles, and 385 calves. These figures represent a well-established elephant population with a balanced gender ratio and a significant number of young elephants, ensuring the continuity of the species in the state.

Odisha’s three elephant reserves—Mahanadi, Mayurbhanj, and Sambalpur—house approximately 28% of the state’s total elephant population, with 584 individuals recorded within these protected areas. The increase in the number of tuskers by 40% over the past seven years is particularly noteworthy, contributing to a healthy ratio of adult males to females.

The distribution of elephants across Odisha’s 38 forest divisions is uneven, with certain areas such as Angul, Athagarh, Dhenkanal, Baripada, Chandaka, Khordha, Bonai, and Keonjhar witnessing significant increases. In contrast, divisions like Similipal North, Similipal South, Balasore, Rairangpur, Balangir, and Parlakhemundi have seen declines, likely due to changes in land use patterns and elephant movement behaviors.

The state’s elephant population is not isolated; it is part of a dynamic ecosystem that includes interstate migration from neighboring states such as Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and West Bengal. It is estimated that between 2,100 and 2,200 elephants utilize Odisha’s forests throughout the year, highlighting the importance of regional cooperation in wildlife management.

The elephant deaths over the last five years have remained within a range of 3% to 4.5% of the total population, with the lowest number of 66 deaths reported in the financial year 2023-24. This data indicates effective measures in place to protect these gentle giants, despite the challenges they face from habitat loss, human-elephant conflict, and poaching.

The All-Odisha Elephant Census-2024 not only provides valuable insights into the current status of the elephant population in Odisha but also serves as a crucial tool for future conservation planning. The continued monitoring and protection of these majestic creatures are imperative for maintaining the ecological balance and cultural heritage of Odisha.

As we look to the future, the sustained growth and well-being of Odisha’s elephants will depend on the ongoing collaboration between government authorities, local communities, and conservation organizations. Together, they can ensure that these magnificent animals continue to thrive in their homeland for generations to come.